子昂电机修理的预防性试(shi)验(yan)介绍：电(dian)(dian)机(ji)绝(jue)缘试(shi)验(yan)主要(yao)(yao)有绝(jue)缘电(dian)(dian)阻试(shi)验(yan)、直(zhi)流(liu)耐压及(ji)漏电(dian)(dian)流(liu)试(shi)验(yan)、交流(liu)耐压试(shi)验(yan)。电(dian)(dian)机(ji)绝(jue)缘主要(yao)(yao)有各绕组(zu)对地绝(jue)缘，相间绝(jue)缘，匝(za)间绝(jue)缘等。 

1、直流高(gao)压泄漏电流试验 

直(zhi)流(liu)漏电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)即(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)导电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，它有两部(bu)分(fen)组成(cheng)，一(yi)部(bu)分(fen)沿(yan)绝缘(yuan)(yuan)表面产生(sheng)的电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，一(yi)部(bu)分(fen)是绝缘(yuan)(yuan)体内的离(li)子电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。在给绕组施(shi)加直(zhi)流(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压初期(qi)，漏电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)还包括电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)充放电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)和(he)吸(xi)收(shou)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)充放电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)是由绝缘(yuan)(yuan)体形状、几何尺寸(cun)和(he)性质(zhi)产生(sheng)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)在交(jiao)变电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)场下形成(cheng)的充放电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，吸(xi)收(shou)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)是介质(zhi)在交(jiao)变电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)场下反复极化产生(sheng)的电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。  

2、绝(jue)缘(yuan)电阻(zu)(zu)试验绝(jue)缘(yuan)电阻(zu)(zu)试验 

是检查电(dian)(dian)(dian)气设(she)备绝(jue)缘(yuan)状态(tai)最简便和(he)(he)最基本的方法，此项(xiang)试验(yan)是在其他试验(yan)之(zhi)前(qian)进行。通过在绕组(zu)对地及(ji)绕组(zu)间加上(shang)直流电(dian)(dian)(dian)压，测量出(chu)它的体(ti)电(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)和(he)(he)表(biao)面电(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)来反映绝(jue)缘(yuan)材(cai)料和(he)(he)绝(jue)缘(yuan)结(jie)构的缺陷，以及(ji)绝(jue)缘(yuan)吸潮、脏(zang)污(wu)情况，是一种无损害试验(yan)。 现(xian)场普遍使用兆欧表(biao)测量绝(jue)缘(yuan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)，主要有 500V 和(he)(he) 1000V 两种规格。由于(yu)受介质吸收(shou)电(dian)(dian)(dian)流的影响，兆欧表(biao)指示值随(sui)时(shi)间逐步增大，检测时(shi)通常转速在120r/min,读取施加电(dian)(dian)(dian)压后(hou)60s的数值或稳定值，作为工程上(shang)的绝(jue)缘(yuan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)值。劈相机绕组(zu)绝(jue)缘(yuan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)应不(bu)低于(yu)10MΩ。 

3、直流高压泄漏试(shi)验和(he)交流耐压试(shi)验的(de)异(yi)同(tong) 

交(jiao)流、直(zhi)(zhi)流电(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)在绝缘层中的(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布不(bu)同，直(zhi)(zhi)流电(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)是按(an)电(dian)导分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布的(de)(de)，反(fan)映(ying)绝缘内个(ge)别(bie)部分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)可能(neng)发生过电(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)情况；交(jiao)流电(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)是按(an)与(yu)绝缘电(dian)阻并存(cun)的(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布电(dian)容成(cheng)反(fan)比分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布的(de)(de)，反(fan)映(ying)各处分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布电(dian)容部分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)可能(neng)发生过电(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)情况。另(ling)外(wai)，绝缘在直(zhi)(zhi)流电(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)作用下(xia)耐压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)强度比在交(jiao)流电(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)下(xia)要高。所(suo)以(yi)，交(jiao)流耐压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)试验与(yu)直(zhi)(zhi)流耐压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)试验不(bu)能(neng)互相(xiang)代替。 

4、交流耐(nai)压(ya)试验 

电机修理交流(liu)耐压(ya)(ya)试(shi)验(yan)有(you)称绝缘(yuan)强度试(shi)验(yan)、介电(dian)强度试(shi)验(yan)，是(shi)鉴定电(dian)气设(she)备绝缘(yuan)强度的(de)(de)最直(zhi)接的(de)(de)方(fang)法，是(shi)对交流(liu)电(dian)机正常(chang)运行(xing)时的(de)(de)绝缘(yuan)的(de)(de)最佳模拟。对于判(pan)断电(dian)机能(neng)否正常(chang)运行(xing)具有(you)决定性的(de)(de)意义，也是(shi)保(bao)证(zheng)电(dian)机绝缘(yuan)水平、避免发生绝缘(yuan)故障的(de)(de)重要手段。它能(neng)较直(zhi)流(liu)耐压(ya)(ya)试(shi)验(yan)更真实(shi)(shi)地模拟电(dian)机实(shi)(shi)际运行(xing)，考核绝缘(yuan)材料耐受高压(ya)(ya)交变电(dian)场的(de)(de)能(neng)力。