电动机在使用过程中会遇到大大小小的各种问题，下面子昂机电就来为大家讲解一下机电(dian)维修(xiu)常见的五个问题。

一、电动机外壳带电

一(yi)般要求(qiu)电机泄漏电流不(bu)应大(da)于０．８ｍＡ，以保证人身安全(quan)。

电(dian)(dian)动机外壳(qiao)漏电(dian)(dian)的(de)主要原(yuan)因有电(dian)(dian)机内某引出线(xian)绝(jue)(jue)缘破(po)损并碰触壳(qiao)体，电(dian)(dian)机绕组局部烧(shao)毁引起定子(zi)与外壳(qiao)间漏电(dian)(dian)。较多见的(de)是长期(qi)处(chu)(chu)于高湿环(huan)境(jing)，导致电(dian)(dian)机受(shou)潮绝(jue)(jue)缘降(jiang)低(di)而使机壳(qiao)带电(dian)(dian)。此时，可(ke)用摇表(biao)测量电(dian)(dian)机各(ge)绕组与机壳(qiao)间的(de)绝(jue)(jue)缘电(dian)(dian)阻值(zhi)，若在(zai)２ＭΩ以下，则说(shuo)明(ming)电(dian)(dian)机已受(shou)潮严重，应将电(dian)(dian)机定子(zi)绕组进(jin)行(xing)烘烤去潮处(chu)(chu)理。

二、电动机运转时温升加剧

各类家(jia)用单(dan)相电(dian)动机(ji)(ji)(ji)在正常工作状(zhuang)态下，其(qi)电(dian)机(ji)(ji)(ji)壳体(ti)表(biao)面温(wen)(wen)度一般(ban)比环境温(wen)(wen)度高(gao)(gao)２０℃左右，最高(gao)(gao)温(wen)(wen)升(sheng)(sheng)不应高(gao)(gao)于(yu)７０℃。如(ru)果(guo)电(dian)机(ji)(ji)(ji)工作几分钟后出(chu)现壳体(ti)表(biao)面温(wen)(wen)度剧(ju)升(sheng)(sheng)，且机(ji)(ji)(ji)内散发焦(jiao)油味甚至冒(mao)烟，则为电(dian)机(ji)(ji)(ji)过热(re)故障(zhang)，电(dian)机(ji)(ji)(ji)过热(re)温(wen)(wen)升(sheng)(sheng)的(de)原因，主(zhu)要有(you)电(dian)机(ji)(ji)(ji)自身(shen)质量(liang)问题；电(dian)机(ji)(ji)(ji)长期处于(yu)超负荷运(yun)行状(zhuang)态（传(chuan)动机(ji)(ji)(ji)构故障(zhang)引起电(dian)机(ji)(ji)(ji)负荷大），电(dian)机(ji)(ji)(ji)散热(re)条件差(cha)；电(dian)机(ji)(ji)(ji)绕(rao)组(zu)局部(bu)短路等(deng)。其(qi)中较常见(jian)的(de)是绕(rao)组(zu)匝(za)间 短路，可拆开(kai)机(ji)(ji)(ji)壳检查绕(rao)组(zu)。如(ru)果(guo)线包无烧毁现象，可将定子重新(xin)进行浸漆绝缘处理，然(ran)后烘干。若线包有(you)局部(bu)烧毁，那只(zhi)有(you)更换绕(rao)组(zu)线包。

三、电动机运行噪声大

电(dian)机工作噪声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)大(da)，一般有(you)两种原因(yin)，一是机械噪声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，主要(yao)是电(dian)机轴(zhou)承磨损和缺(que)油(you)，产(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)硬摩擦噪声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。对此可清洗(xi)后加(jia)入润滑脂减少(shao)噪声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。当转子轴(zhou)与(yu)轴(zhou)承松(song)动或端(duan)盖松(song)动时，也会(hui)使(shi)电(dian)机在旋转时产(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)轴(zhou)向窜动发出噪声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。也有(you)一些(xie)装配质量差的(de)电(dian)机，轴(zhou)承室(shi)不(bu)同心(xin)，电(dian)机径向间隙(xi)不(bu)均匀等均会(hui)产(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)异(yi)常(chang)噪声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。对此，只要(yao)拆下外盖和后内盖，取出转子和定子座，重新敲铆内盖的(de)中心(xin)轴(zhou)即可应(ying)急修复。

四、电动机通电后不启动

该故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)除了(le)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源回路(lu)、电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)绕组不(bu)良外，大多是电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)的启动(dong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)异常。电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)扇、排(pai)风扇、洗衣机(ji)等电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)一般采用电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器启动(dong)运转；而电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)冰(bing)箱、冷柜(ju)等的电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)多采用电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻分相启动(dong)运转，一旦启动(dong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中的电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器或分相电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻损坏，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)就不(bu)能正(zheng)常运转，检修时应先排(pai)除启动(dong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)后再(zai)查电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)。

若启动电(dian)路(lu)正常，则可(ke)能是(shi)电(dian)动机内部(bu)(bu)绕(rao)组(zu)局部(bu)(bu)短路(lu)或断路(lu)，可(ke)用(yong)(yong)万用(yong)(yong)表(biao)Ｒ×１挡测(ce)各绕(rao)组(zu)电(dian)阻(zu)值(zhi)来(lai)判断。如电(dian)冰(bing)箱压缩机电(dian)机，正常情况下启动绕(rao)组(zu)电(dian)阻(zu)值(zhi)约为２３Ω，运(yun)行绕(rao)组(zu)电(dian)阻(zu)值(zhi)为１０Ω左右，起动和运(yun)行串接(jie)绕(rao)组(zu)正常阻(zu)值(zhi)应为两(liang)者之和。

五、电动机转速慢而无力

电(dian)(dian)(dian)动机(ji)在(zai)通电(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)转(zhuan)速慢而无力时，对于电(dian)(dian)(dian)容启动式电(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)大(da)多为(wei)电(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)容量不(bu)足、漏电(dian)(dian)(dian)严重或电(dian)(dian)(dian)源电(dian)(dian)(dian)压过低；此外鼠笼转(zhuan)子铝(lv)条(tiao)(tiao)部(bu)分如(ru)果(guo)有严重的缺损及断(duan)条(tiao)(tiao)情况(kuang)，特别(bie)是洗衣(yi)机(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)经(jing)常(chang)启动和正(zheng)反交替运转(zhuan)，转(zhuan)子铝(lv)条(tiao)(tiao)较大(da)的感应电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)易使转(zhuan)子铝(lv)条(tiao)(tiao)断(duan)裂，也导致运转(zhuan)慢而无力。当(dang)发(fa)现(xian)铝(lv)条(tiao)(tiao)有裂缝时，可用(yong)(yong)(yong)手(shou)电(dian)(dian)(dian)钻在(zai)裂缝间钻一个(ge)小孔(kong)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)相应的铝(lv)丝(si)条(tiao)(tiao)嵌入孔(kong)内，然(ran)后(hou)将其敲平铆死，最(zui)后(hou)用(yong)(yong)(yong)钢锉和砂纸打磨平整光滑即(ji)可。若(ruo)铝(lv)条(tiao)(tiao)断(duan)裂面较大(da)时，有条(tiao)(tiao)件的可采用(yong)(yong)(yong)铝(lv)丝(si)气焊的方法加(jia)以修补。

另外(wai)，一些罩极式电(dian)(dian)机的(de)短路环松动(dong)或铁心松动(dong)而产生(sheng)电(dian)(dian)磁(ci)噪(zao)声(sheng)，应采取夹紧措施。