对以往三相(xiang)异步电(dian)动(dong)机(ji)运行(xing)的(de)(de)常(chang)见故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)表(biao)现形式、原因等进行(xing)分(fen)(fen)析，有针对性(xing)地提出(chu)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)排除和维(wei)修方法，以更好地确保电(dian)动(dong)机(ji)安全、稳定(ding)(ding)(ding)运行(xing)，延长(zhang)使用寿命。其中(zhong)，电(dian)气故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)涉(she)及到(dao)定(ding)(ding)(ding)子绕组或(huo)转子绕组;机(ji)械故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)涉(she)及到(dao)风扇、机(ji)壳、转轴或(huo)者轴承等。一般发生(sheng)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)的(de)(de)原因比较(jiao)多，需(xu)要奠定(ding)(ding)(ding)在充分(fen)(fen)分(fen)(fen)析、判断的(de)(de)基础上，借助仪表(biao)的(de)(de)测量检查作用，确定(ding)(ding)(ding)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)点(dian)、查明原因，有针对性(xing)地采取(qu)维(wei)修胡处理措施，减少由于故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)而带来的(de)(de)损失。对于三相(xiang)异步电(dian)动(dong)机(ji)的(de)(de)常(chang)见故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)与维(wei)修方法，分(fen)(fen)析如下。

1、三相异步电动(dong)机无(wu)法启动(dong)发生电动(dong)机无(wu)法启动(dong)现象(xiang)，可能由于以下(xia)几方面原因(yin)：

其一、没(mei)有接(jie)通电源。

其二、设(she)备(bei)的熔(rong)断器(qi)发生熔(rong)丝烧断问(wen)题或(huo)者控制线路(lu)连接错误，定(ding)子绕组(zu)与转子绕组(zu)断路(lu)问(wen)题。

其三、设备运(yun)行的负荷偏重。

其四(si)、绕线转子的电(dian)动机启动操作失误或者热继(ji)电(dian)器的规格(ge)不相符，将过电(dian)流继(ji)电(dian)器调节(jie)过小。

其(qi)五、电(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)机(ji)中(zhong)△联(lian)结错误地连接(jie)成(cheng)(cheng)Y连接(jie)，影响电(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)机(ji)重(zhong)载作用下(xia)的(de)(de)正常启动(dong)(dong)。针对(dui)这一故障(zhang)的(de)(de)实际情况，可采取如下(xia)维修及处理(li)方(fang)法:对(dui)电(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)开(kai)(kai)关、线(xian)路及电(dian)(dian)(dian)压进(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)检(jian)查(cha)，及时对(dui)查(cha)出的(de)(de)问(wen)题进(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)修复;查(cha)看(kan)熔(rong)丝(si)(si)是(shi)否(fou)(fou)烧(shao)断、确(que)(que)定电(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)机(ji)容量等，必要情况下(xia)重(zhong)新安装(zhuang)熔(rong)丝(si)(si);结合设备(bei)运行(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)原理(li)，查(cha)看(kan)接(jie)线(xian)是(shi)否(fou)(fou)正确(que)(que)，发(fa)现(xian)接(jie)线(xian)错误点并重(zhong)新连接(jie);利用兆欧表或万用表等仪(yi)器，对(dui)绕组运行(xing)(xing)(xing)状况进(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)检(jian)查(cha)，发(fa)现(xian)线(xian)路的(de)(de)断开(kai)(kai)点，确(que)(que)保三相电(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)平衡(heng)性;对(dui)负荷进(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)重(zhong)新计算，选择合理(li)的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)机(ji)，降低设备(bei)运行(xing)(xing)(xing)效率，查(cha)看(kan)机(ji)械传动(dong)(dong)机(ji)构中(zhong)是(shi)否(fou)(fou)被卡(ka)住，及时将(jiang)故障(zhang)排除;查(cha)看(kan)集(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)环短路装(zhuang)置(zhi)或者(zhe)启动(dong)(dong)变(bian)阻器装(zhuang)置(zhi)安装(zhuang)是(shi)否(fou)(fou)到位，在启动(dong)(dong)过程中(zhong)需要将(jiang)短路装(zhuang)置(zhi)分开(kai)(kai)，与变(bian)阻器成(cheng)(cheng)串接(jie)状态即可。

2、三相异步电(dian)动(dong)(dong)机启(qi)动(dong)(dong)后的(de)异响(xiang)当通电(dian)之后电(dian)动(dong)(dong)机发(fa)出(chu)“嗡(weng)嗡(weng)”的(de)响(xiang)声，可考虑由于电(dian)源的(de)电(dian)压较低，出(chu)现电(dian)源缺相等问(wen)题;或(huo)者电(dian)动(dong)(dong)机的(de)引出(chu)线头尾(wei)连(lian)接错误、绕组的(de)内部连(lian)接为反向;定(ding)子(zi)转子(zi)绕组发(fa)生断路(lu)问(wen)题;设备的(de)装配过紧(jin)或(huo)者润滑(hua)脂发(fa)生硬化现象。针(zhen)对这一问(wen)题，可主(zhu)要采取以下应对措施：

其(qi)一、查看电源的电压负担状况，查找(zhao)发生短路点的位(wei)置(zhi)并(bing)重新连接。

其二、降低设备的运行负荷，更换电动(dong)机。

其三、对设(she)备(bei)进行重新装(zhuang)配(pei)、实(shi)现油脂(zhi)的优化。

其四(si)、合理确(que)定(ding)绕(rao)组的(de)(de)形成与节(jie)距(ju)，对(dui)绕(rao)组参数进行重新(xin)计算，保持其运行的(de)(de)稳定(ding)性。

3、电动机(ji)(ji)运(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)过程(cheng)温(wen)度(du)(du)剧烈升(sheng)高在(zai)电动机(ji)(ji)运(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)过程(cheng)中(zhong)，如果(guo)(guo)(guo)产生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)发(fa)热现(xian)象或者温(wen)度(du)(du)快速上升(sheng)，应考(kao)虑电动机(ji)(ji)是否发(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)过载(zai)现(xian)象或者启动过于频繁;如果(guo)(guo)(guo)电源的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)电压偏高，铁芯也会迅速发(fa)热;如果(guo)(guo)(guo)电源的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)电压偏低，就(jiu)(jiu)会增加负载(zai)电流;将Y与△反(fan)向连接(jie)，造成绕(rao)组(zu)连接(jie)错(cuo)误，就(jiu)(jiu)会造成设备温(wen)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)迅速上升(sheng);在(zai)定(ding)子(zi)(zi)绕(rao)组(zu)匝之间产生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)相(xiang)间短路、接(jie)地等问题，提高了电流运(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)铜损失;如果(guo)(guo)(guo)电机(ji)(ji)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)冷却(que)风道发(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)阻塞作用，冷却(que)风扇(shan)不能正常(chang)运(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)，就(jiu)(jiu)无(wu)法达到散热功(gong)能。如果(guo)(guo)(guo)设备长时(shi)(shi)间处(chu)于高温(wen)允许状(zhuang)(zhuang)态(tai)(tai)，极易(yi)烧坏零件，甚至引(yin)发(fa)严重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)事(shi)故。针对(dui)这一问题，应及(ji)时(shi)(shi)查明设备过载(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原因，采取有效措施(shi)确(que)保其恢复运(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)状(zhuang)(zhuang)态(tai)(tai);合(he)理控(kong)制(zhi)电源电压，尽量采用粗(cu)供电导线，提高运(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可靠性，对(dui)于存在(zai)缺陷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)铜条转(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)及(ji)时(shi)(shi)更换或者焊(han)补(bu);对(dui)定(ding)子(zi)(zi)转(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)装配运(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)状(zhuang)(zhuang)况进行(xing)查看(kan)，及(ji)时(shi)(shi)清洗电动机(ji)(ji)，优化(hua)环境中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)温(wen)度(du)(du);如果(guo)(guo)(guo)设备的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)温(wen)度(du)(du)已(yi)经上升(sheng)较高，则需采取有效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)降温(wen)方(fang)法，将其中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)阻塞物清除(chu)，降低风扇(shan)荷载(zai)力;按(an)照(zhao)额(e)定(ding)数(shu)据(ju)增设润滑(hua)剂，对(dui)重(zhong)绕(rao)参数(shu)进行(xing)确(que)定(ding)，同时(shi)(shi)对(dui)于发(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)铁损进行(xing)适当的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)补(bu)充。

4、电(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)(dong)机(ji)(ji)运行过程(cheng)的(de)(de)严重振动(dong)(dong)(dong)如果设备的(de)(de)轴(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)发(fa)生(sheng)损(sun)坏(huai)，就会造(zao)成(cheng)振动(dong)(dong)(dong)超标问(wen)题;电(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)(dong)机(ji)(ji)自身的(de)(de)各(ge)个零部件、尺寸等缺(que)陷，都是引(yin)发(fa)振动(dong)(dong)(dong)问(wen)题的(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)原因;定子或(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)转(zhuan)子的(de)(de)气隙(xi)不(bu)均(jun)匀(yun)、转(zhuan)子不(bu)平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)等;端(duan)盖(gai)或(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)风扇安(an)(an)装(zhuang)不(bu)平(ping)(ping)衡(heng);联轴(zhou)(zhou)器(qi)装(zhuang)配不(bu)正确，发(fa)生(sheng)松动(dong)(dong)(dong)问(wen)题;机(ji)(ji)壳或(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)其基(ji)础(chu)强度(du)不(bu)足;电(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)(dong)机(ji)(ji)地(di)脚的(de)(de)螺丝松动(dong)(dong)(dong)，运行过程(cheng)中出(chu)现(xian)不(bu)稳(wen)定现(xian)象(xiang)等。针对(dui)这一(yi)问(wen)题，需要(yao)查(cha)看(kan)轴(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)滚(gun)珠(zhu)是否出(chu)现(xian)损(sun)坏(huai)现(xian)象(xiang)，需及(ji)时(shi)更换发(fa)生(sheng)问(wen)题的(de)(de)轴(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng);对(dui)电(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)(dong)机(ji)(ji)进行拆卸检查(cha)，及(ji)时(shi)采(cai)取处理措施;查(cha)看(kan)气隙(xi)状(zhuang)况，保(bao)持(chi)均(jun)匀(yun)性;调节转(zhuan)子的(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)度(du);对(dui)基(ji)础(chu)进行加(jia)固或(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)重新(xin)制(zhi)作(zuo)，确保(bao)与电(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)(dong)机(ji)(ji)运行的(de)(de)规定数值保(bao)持(chi)一(yi)致(zhi);对(dui)地(di)脚螺丝进行加(jia)固;重新(xin)安(an)(an)装(zhuang)电(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)(dong)机(ji)(ji)，修复转(zhuan)子绕组。

5、电(dian)动(dong)(dong)机(ji)运行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)轴(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承热度过高如果电(dian)动(dong)(dong)机(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)轴(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承温(wen)(wen)度较高，可能是(shi)滑脂数量过多(duo)或者(zhe)(zhe)偏少;油的(de)(de)(de)(de)品质(zhi)不(bu)高，其中杂质(zhi)较多(duo);轴(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承和(he)轴(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)颈(jing)、端(duan)盖(gai)等配合(he)不(bu)足;轴(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承发生孔偏心问题(ti)，和(he)轴(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)产生摩擦状(zhuang)况(kuang);电(dian)动(dong)(dong)机(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)端(duan)盖(gai)或者(zhe)(zhe)轴(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承的(de)(de)(de)(de)盖(gai)子(zi)没有装好;电(dian)动(dong)(dong)机(ji)和(he)负载之间(jian)存在联(lian)轴(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)器校(xiao)正问题(ti);或者(zhe)(zhe)皮带过紧，也(ye)是(shi)引发温(wen)(wen)度问题(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原因。针(zhen)对这(zhei)一问题(ti)，可采(cai)取(qu)如下措施：

其一、按照(zhao)规(gui)定添加适当的(de)润滑(hua)(hua)脂，保(bao)持(chi)润滑(hua)(hua)脂的(de)清洁(jie)度(du)。

其(qi)二、对轴(zhou)承盖进行(xing)修理(li)，减少摩擦点问题;其(qi)三，对设(she)备(bei)运行(xing)重(zhong)新校正(zheng)，优(you)化调节皮带的张力(li);其(qi)四(si)，如果轴(zhou)承存在问题，需更换。

6、三相(xiang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)不平(ping)(ping)衡问题(ti)(ti)发生这一问题(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)主(zhu)要原(yuan)因在于定(ding)(ding)子绕组(zu)的(de)(de)部(bu)分线(xian)圈(quan)(quan)短路问题(ti)(ti);更换了(le)(le)定(ding)(ding)子绕组(zu)之(zhi)后，一些线(xian)圈(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)匝数(shu)出现了(le)(le)错(cuo)误或者线(xian)圈(quan)(quan)接线(xian)错(cuo)误问题(ti)(ti)。针对这一问题(ti)(ti)，首先利用电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)表(biao)对电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)进(jin)行(xing)(xing)测(ce)量(liang);其次，对各相(xiang)绕组(zu)的(de)(de)直流电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻进(jin)行(xing)(xing)测(ce)量(liang);最后，结合正(zheng)(zheng)确的(de)(de)接线(xian)方法，纠正(zheng)(zheng)接线(xian)错(cuo)误。总之(zhi)，在开(kai)展工作过程(cheng)中，应(ying)加(jia)强对三相(xiang)异步电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)动机的(de)(de)故障防范重视程(cheng)度，提高安装技术水(shui)平(ping)(ping)与(yu)质量(liang)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)，确保设备(bei)正(zheng)(zheng)常、稳定(ding)(ding)运行(xing)(xing);作为相(xiang)关工作人(ren)员，必(bi)须熟(shu)悉电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)动机的(de)(de)常见(jian)故障表(biao)现形式、类型、原(yuan)因及处理(li)方法，定(ding)(ding)期做好检查工作，优化维修(xiu)工艺(yi)，减少由于电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)动机故障而(er)引发的(de)(de)事(shi)故，进(jin)而(er)增强电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)动机的(de)(de)使用效率与(yu)使用寿命。